Explained: What is Election Commission of India (ECI)? What does it do?

Set up on January 25, 1950, the Election Commission of India or ECI is a permanent and autonomous Constitutional body responsible for administering the election process in the country. The ECI's primary responsibility is to oversee the conduct of both general elections and state assembly elections in the country. Through its impartial and diligent efforts, the ECI plays a crucial role in the democratic process of the country. It is a vital institution that upholds the democratic principles of the nation.

Here's all you need to know about the all-powerful Election Commission: 

Key roles played by the ECI

• Conducting fair elections

One of the primary responsibilities of the ECI is to ensure that elections are conducted freely and fairly across the country.

The Commission works tirelessly to maintain the integrity of the electoral process and uphold the democratic values of the nation.

• Voter registration and electoral rolls

The ECI is also responsible for the registration of voters and the maintenance of accurate electoral rolls. It strives to ensure that every eligible citizen has the opportunity to exercise their right to vote without any hindrance.

• Monitoring election expenditure

The ECI monitors the election expenditure of candidates and political parties. By imposing strict guidelines and regulations, the Commission aims to curb malpractices such as bribery and corruption during elections.

• Model Code of Conduct

The ECI enforces the Model Code of Conduct to ensure that political parties and candidates adhere to ethical standards during the electoral process. This code is designed to promote a level playing field and prevent any form of unfair advantage.

What is the role of the Chief Election Commissioner? 

As the head of the ECI, the CEC's primary responsibility is to oversee the conduct of free and fair elections in the country. Entrusted with the essential task of supervising the entire electoral process—from voter registrations to pivotal announcements and result declarations, the Chief Election Commissioner also oversees the implementation of electoral reforms while ensuring compliance with election laws and resolving any disputes or issues that may arise during the electoral process.

Currently, the ECI consists of one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. Originally, it had only one Election Commissioner. The two additional Commissioners were first appointed in October 1989 but they had a very short tenure, till January 1, 1990. The two additional Commissioners were once again appointed on October 1, 1993.

The concept of a multi-member ECI has been in practice since then. 

Who is the current CEC?

As of March 16, 2024, the CEC is Rajiv Kumar. He has held office as Election Commissioner since September 1, 2020, and as the country's 25th Chief Election Commissioner since May 15, 2022.

Appointment and Tenure of Election Commissioners   

All the Election Commissioners are appointed by the President for terms of six years or up to age 65, whichever is earlier.

They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court, according to the ECI website.

All Election Commissioners have an equal voice in the decision-making of the ECI.

Political parties and the ECI 

Political registered with the Election Commission are granted recognition at the state and national levels by the Election Commission based on their performances in general elections.

What is the Model Code of Conduct?

Popularly known as MCC, the Model Code of Conduct is a set of rules and guidelines set by the ECI in order to regulate political parties and candidates, and ensure a level playing field before polls. The Code prohibits activities that can influence voters or disrupt the electoral process.

The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) comes into force as soon as the Election Commission of India announces the schedule for elections in a particular region. 

It is by upholding the Model Code of Conduct that the ECI maintains the integrity and transparency of the country's electoral process.

Catch all the latest news updates on politics here