FD vs RD: What is the difference between fixed deposit and recurring deposit? How do they work?

Fixed deposit (FD) vs recurring deposit (RD): Fixed deposits (FD) and recurring deposits (RD) are two common fixed income instruments that individuals often consider while parking funds for a guaranteed return that grows their money safely. Both FD and RD offer a safe and secure way to grow savings, but they have distinct features and benefits. Here are 10 things to know to understand these effective and popular instruments better:

1. What is a fixed deposit (FD)?

A fixed deposit is a financial instrument offered by banks and financial institutions where you deposit a lump sum amount for a fixed tenure at a predetermined interest rate. The interest rate for FDs is generally higher than that of savings accounts, making it an attractive option for individuals looking to earn a fixed return on their investment.

2. What is a recurring deposit (RD)?

On the other hand, a recurring deposit is a type of savings scheme where you deposit a fixed amount of money at regular intervals (monthly) for a predetermined period. RDs are ideal for individuals who want to save a specific amount regularly and earn interest on their savings.

3. FD interest rate vs RD interest rate 

One of the key differences between FD and RD is the way interest is calculated. In FDs, the interest is calculated on the entire principal amount deposited at the beginning of the tenure. In contrast, RDs calculate interest on the accumulated amount at the end of each month.

4. FD investment tenure vs RD investment tenure

FDs typically have a fixed investment tenure ranging from a few months to several years. Once you invest in an FD, the money is locked in for the specified period, and you cannot withdraw it without incurring a penalty. In comparison, RDs have a fixed tenure as well, but you can withdraw the accumulated amount at any time without any penalty.

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5. Flexibility

RDs offer more flexibility in terms of depositing money regularly, as you can choose the monthly deposit amount based on your financial capabilities. FDs, on the other hand, require a lump sum investment at the beginning of the tenure.

6. Tax Implications

Interest earned on both FDs and RDs is taxable as per the individual's tax slab. However, in the case of RDs, the interest is taxable on an annual basis, while in FDs, you have the option to choose between cumulative and non-cumulative interest payouts, which can affect the tax liability.

7. Premature Withdrawal

In case of an emergency, if you need to withdraw your funds before the maturity date, FDs usually charge a penalty for premature withdrawal. RDs, on the other hand, do not have a penalty for early withdrawal, but the interest earned may be lower than the initially projected amount.

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8. Loan Facility

Some banks offer loan facilities against FDs, where you can borrow money against the FD amount. This feature is not available for RDs, making FDs a more versatile option for individuals in need of immediate funds without breaking their investment.

9. Liquidity

FDs are less liquid compared to RDs, as the money is locked in for a specific period. RDs, on the other hand, offer more liquidity, allowing you to withdraw funds as needed without affecting the overall scheme.

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10. Risk factor

Overall, both FDs and RDs are considered safe investment options as they are backed by banks and financial institutions. However, FDs carry a slightly higher risk compared to RDs, as the interest rate is fixed at the time of investment and may not keep up with inflation rates.