Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Friday that Moscow could adopt what he described as a US concept of using preemptive military strikes, noting it has the weapons to do the job, in a blunt statement amid rising Russia-NATO tensions over Ukraine.

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"We are just thinking about it. They weren't shy to openly talk about it during the past years," Putin said, referring to the US policy, as he attended a summit in Kyrgyzstan of a Moscow-dominated economic alliance of ex-Soviet nations.

For years, the Kremlin has expressed concern about US efforts to develop the so-called Conventional Prompt Global Strike capability that envisions hitting an adversary's strategic targets with precision-guided conventional weapons anywhere in the world within one hour.

"Speaking about a disarming strike, maybe it's worth thinking about adopting the ideas developed by our US counterparts, their ideas of ensuring their security," Putin said with a thin smile, noting that such a preemptive strike was intended to knock out command facilities.

He claimed that Russia already has commissioned hypersonic weapons capable of carrying out such a strike, while the US hasn't yet deployed them. He also claimed that Russia now has cruise missiles that surpass their US equivalents.

While Putin appeared to refer to conventional precision-guided weapons when he talked about possibly mimicking the US strategy, he specifically noted that the US hasn't ruled out the first use of nuclear weapons.

"If the potential adversary believes that it can use the theory of a preemptive strike and we don't, it makes us think about the threats posed by such ideas in other countries' defensive posture," he said.

In Washington, advisers to President Joe Biden viewed Putin's comments as "saber-rattling" and another veiled warning that he could deploy a tactical nuclear weapon, according to a US official who was not authorised to comment and spoke on the condition of the anonymity.

The official noted that Russian military doctrine has long stated that Moscow reserves the right to first use of a nuclear weapon in response to large scale military aggression.

John Erath, senior policy director for the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, also viewed Putin's statement as yet another attempt to raise the nuclear threat.

"He doesn't quite say we're going to launch nuclear weapons, but he wants the dialogue in the US and Europe to be, 'The longer this war goes on, the greater the threat of nuclear weapons might be used,'" Erath said.

Putin was asked on Wednesday at a Kremlin conference whether Russia could commit to forswearing a first strike and responded that such an obligation might prevent Russia from tapping its nuclear arsenal even if it came under a nuclear attack.

"If it doesn't use it first under any circumstances, it means that it won't be the second to use it either, because the possibility of using it in case of a nuclear strike on our territory will be sharply limited," he responded.

He elaborated on that answer Friday, saying Russia's nuclear doctrine is based on the "launch on warning" concept, which envisions 'nuclear weapons' use in the face of an imminent nuclear attack spotted by its early warning systems.

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"When the early warning system receives a signal about a missile attack, we launch hundreds of missiles that are impossible to stop," he said, smiling.

"Enemy missile warheads would inevitably reach the territory of the Russian Federation. But nothing would be left of the enemy too, because it's impossible to intercept hundreds of missiles. And this, of course, is a factor of deterrence."

Russia's nuclear doctrine states the country can use nuclear weapons if it comes under a nuclear strike or if it faces an attack with conventional weapons that threatens "the very existence" of the Russian state.

Since sending Russian troops into Ukraine in February, Putin has repeatedly said that Moscow was ready to use "all available means" to protect its territory and has rejected Western criticism of nuclear saber-rattling.

"I understand that ever since nuclear weapons, the weapons of mass destruction have appeared, all people "the entirety of humankind" have been worried what will happen to the planet and all of us," he said.

Speaking Friday at US Strategic Command, which has responsibility for the nation's nuclear weapons, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said Putin's repeated threats were irresponsible.

"As the Kremlin continues its cruel and unprovoked war of choice against Ukraine, the whole world has seen Putin engage in deeply irresponsible nuclear saber-rattling," he said in a reference to Putin's earlier nuclear threats without addressing his latest remarks.

"So make no mistake, nuclear powers have a profound responsibility to avoid provocative behavior and to lower the risk of proliferation and to prevent escalation and nuclear war."