The Federal Reserve should raise interest rates "in the coming months" if the economy picks up as expected and jobs continue to be generated, the US central bank chief Janet Yellen said on Friday, bolstering the case for a rate increase in June or July.

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"It`s appropriate ... for the Fed to gradually and cautiously increase our overnight interest rate over time, and probably in the coming months such a move would be appropriate," Yellen said during an appearance at Harvard University.

Her comments, while balanced, suggested the powerful Fed chair is on board with several of her colleagues who in recent weeks have said the central bank is preparing to follow up on an initial policy tightening in December. 

Although Yellen expressed caution about too steep a rise in the US rates, she sounded more confident than she has in the past that the US economy has rebounded from a weak winter and that inflation would edge higher toward the Fed's 2% target. 

"The economy is continuing to improve ... growth looks to be picking up," Yellen told a group of professors and alumni at the Ivy League college in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She expects the labour market to continue to improve despite much progress because "further gains are possible," she said under an open-air tent on campus.

Prices for US Treasuries fell after Yellen's remarks, while stocks rose. The US dollar was trading higher against a basket of currencies.

The probability of a rate hike at the Federal Open Market Committee's June 14-15 meeting rose to 34% from 30% before Yellen's remarks, according to CME Group, where the futures contracts are traded.

Bets on a rate increase at the July 26-27 policy meeting edged up to 60%, more than double the estimate from a month ago.

The Fed raised its key benchmark interest rate in December for the first time in nearly a decade but has held off since then due to concerns earlier this year about a global economic slowdown and financial market volatility.

Those concerns have subsided somewhat in recent months. 

In recent weeks, several Fed policymakers have reacted to stronger US economic data including on housing and retail sales by putting a rate hike squarely on the table for either June or July. Earlier on Friday, the government revised higher its first-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) growth estimate to 0.8%, from 0.5%.

Yellen's comment "reinforces the signals on early rate hikes communicated recently by her FOMC colleagues," Mohamed El-Erian, chief economic adviser at Allianz, said via Twitter of the policy-making Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). 

Weak oil prices and a strong dollar have been blamed for helping to keep US inflation below the central bank's target.

On Friday, Yellen said those factors "seem like they are roughly stabilizing at this point and my own expectation is that ... inflation will move back up over the next couple of years to our 2% objective."

Still, she cautioned against hiking rates too quickly given the Fed`s benchmark remains low at 0.25-0.5% currently. "It is important to be cautious ... because if we were to trigger a downturn or to contribute to a downturn, we would have limited scope for responding," Yellen said.

The economy has not seen "much improvement in wage growth which is suggestive of some slack in the labour market," Yellen added just before receiving the Radcliffe Medal from Harvard`s Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.

Yellen was introduced by former Fed Chair Ben Bernanke, to whom she said Americans owe "an enormous debt of gratitude" for guiding the economy through the 2007-2009 financial crisis.

Now in her third year as Fed chair, Yellen was speaking just hours before the Memorial Day long weekend, and joked that her comments would be brief so as not to delay Wall Street money managers hanging on her words. 

She has a second public appearance scheduled for June 6 in Philadelphia, just a week before the next policy decision.