US equity markets closed sharply lower on Tuesday, joining their global counterparts in the monthly loss column as investors await crucial economic data and the Federal Reserve convenes for its two-day policy meeting.

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Gold sank, the dollar rebounded and benchmark US Treasury yields ticked higher after the US Labor Department reported hotter-than-expected first-quarter employment cost growth, which is unlikely to alter the Fed's restrictive stance.

"The sell-off was triggered by the higher-than-expected employment cost index," said Jay Hatfield, portfolio manager at InfraCap in New York. "And investors are positioning ahead of what is likely to be a hawkish press conference following the Fed meeting."
All three major US indexes recorded their first monthly percentage losses since October.

"We have reached new highs in the S&P this year, but there comes a time when a market needs to digest those gains," said Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist of CFRA Research in New York. "The old 'sell in May' adage might have come true a month early."

The Federal Reserve Open Market Committee gathers on Tuesday for its monetary policy meeting, which is expected to culminate on Wednesday with a decision to leave the Fed funds target rate in the 5.25 per cent to 5.50 per cent range.

The accompanying statement, as well as Fed Chair Jerome Powell's subsequent press conference, will be parsed for clues regarding the central bank's expected path forward with respect to interest rate cuts.

"We know the Fed is going to be hawkish, and there's going to be questions about rate increases," Hatfield added. "That will be the money answer, depending how much he pushes back on that."
First-quarter earnings season has passed its halfway point, with a host of high-profile results on tap this week, among them Amazon.com, opens new tab and Apple Inc.

Analysts now see aggregate S&P 500 first-quarter earnings growth of 6.0 per cent year-on-year, up from the 5.1 per cent estimate as of April 1, LSEG data showed.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 570.17 points, or 1.49 per cent, to 37,815.92. The S&P 500 lost 80.49 points, or 1.57 per cent, at 5,035.68 and the Nasdaq Composite dropped 325.26 points, or 2.04 per cent, to 15,657.82.

European stocks ended lower as a raft of bleak earnings dampened investor sentiment due to upbeat economic data and the increased likelihood that the European Central Bank could cut interest rates in June.

The pan-European STOXX 600 index lost 0.68 per cent and MSCI's gauge of stocks across the globe shed 1.23 per cent.

Emerging market stocks lost 0.61 per cent. MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan closed 0.41 per cent lower, while Japan's Nikkei rose 1.24 per cent.

The dollar, boosted by economic data, regained some strength against a basket of world currencies and the yen weakened against the greenback, paring gains in the aftermath of suspected currency intervention on the part of Japanese authorities on Monday.
The dollar index rose 0.62 per cent, with the euro down 0.43 per cent to $1.0673.
The Japanese yen weakened 0.89 per cent versus the greenback at 157.75 per dollar, while sterling was last trading at $1.2497, down 0.51 per cent on the day.

US Treasury yields rose after the hotter-than-expected employment costs report as investors awaited the Fed decision.
Benchmark 10-year notes fell 19/32 in price to yield 4.6902 per cent, from 4.612 per cent late on Monday.

The 30-year bond fell 28/32 in price to yield 4.7945 per cent, from 4.737 per cent late on Monday.

Crude prices dropped on easing geopolitical tensions as Israel-Hamas peace talks moved forward and US data showed healthy crude output and exports.

US crude dropped 0.85 per cent to settle at $81.93 per barrel, while Brent settled at $87.86 per barrel, down 0.61 per cent on the day.
Gold prices tumbled to a one-week low ahead of the Fed meeting, but remained on course for their third consecutive monthly gain.
Spot gold dropped 1.8 per cent to $2,292.60 an ounce.