US dollar rate index news: The dollar nursed steep losses on Thursday and was headed for a yearly decline after two years of strong gains as expectations of interest rate cuts from the Federal Reserve next year grip markets.

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With the year coming to a close, thin liquidity and limited moves are expected until the New Year.

The dollar index , which measures the US currency against six rivals, fell to a fresh five month low of 100.81. The index fell 0.5 per cent on Wednesday and is on course for a 2.6 per cent decline this year, snapping two straight years of strong gains.

Investor focus remains on the timing of the interest rate cuts from the Fed, with markets pricing in a 89 per cent chance of a cut in March 2024, according to CME FedWatch tool. Futures imply as much as 158 basis points of Fed easing next year.

Some analysts though remain unconvinced the US central bank would be so aggressive.

"We still believe that a March policy change toward easing is much too early and there is quite a bit of potential for a dollar rally if and when such action does not materialize," Monex USA analysts said in a note.

While the Fed took an unexpectedly dovish stance in its December meeting, opening the door to rate cuts next year, other major central banks, including European Central Bank retained their stance of needing to keep rates higher for longer.

Markets though are still pricing in as much as 165 basis points of rate cuts from the ECB next year.

"The European and UK economies are in a much more precarious state and we believe this will force their respective central banks to cut interest rates both before they are fully ready and before the Fed does so," said the Monex USA analysts, noting the divergence in the outlooks for the US and European economies.

The euro was up 0.09 per cent at $1.1113, couched just below the five-month peak of $1.1122 hit on Wednesday. The single currency headed for a yearly gain of 3.7 per cent, its strongest performance since 2020.

Sterling was last at $1.2813, its highest since Aug. 10. The pound is headed for a 6 per cent gain in the year, its strongest performance since 2017.

Investors expect that the Bank of England will not be able to cut rates as much as the Fed and ECB, given inflation is running higher in the UK.

That has widened the gap between British bond yields and those in the US and Europe, making them look more attractive and boosting the pound.

Meanwhile, the Japanese yen strengthened 0.23 per cent to 141.50 per dollar, inching closer to a five-month peak of 140.95 it touched earlier this month.

The Asian currency is up 4 per cent against the dollar in December, heading for its second straight month of gains on increased expectations that the Bank of Japan may soon move away from its ultra-loose monetary policy.

The central bank, however, stuck to its policy earlier this month and Governor Kazuo Ueda on Wednesday said he was in no rush to unwind ultra-loose monetary policy as the risk of inflation running well above 2 per cent and accelerating was small.

For the year, yen is down 7 per cent against the dollar.

Rate cut bets have also boosted riskier currencies, with the Australian dollar and the New Zealand dollar perched at fresh five-month peaks. The Aussie was last up 0.26 per cent at $0.6865, while the kiwi was at $0.6360, up 0.3 per cent.