Right from assuming office, PM Narendra Modi laid a special focus on cleanliness. And, that's why Modi government launched Swachh Bharat Mission. Now, an international research on the Swachh Bharat Mission has found that the annual economic gains from household sanitation are worth $727 per household.

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It also found that financial returns on household spending over 10 years is 1.7 times the cost while returns to society on total spending over 10 years is 4.3 times the cost. The poorest have a financial return of 2.6 and societal return of 5.7 times the cost, the paper said.

A paper authored by Guy Hutton, Nicolas Osbert, Sumeet Patil and Avni Kumar on "Comparison of the costs and benefits of the Clean India Mission" found that annual benefits of $ 727 per household are mainly from savings associated with reduced diarrhoea incidence (55%) and from sanitation access time savings (45%).

Here are Highlights from the international research paper 'Comparison of the costs and benefits of the Clean India Mission':-

- This study reports the first economic analysis of the Clean India Mission (SBM)

- Annual economic gains from household sanitation are worth US$727 per household

- The average price paid for a toilet is US$396, which is double the subsidy received

- Financial returns on household spending over 10 years is 1.7 times the cost

- Returns to society on total spending over 10 years is 4.3 times the cost

- The poorest have a financial return of 2.6 and societal return of 5.7 times the cost