Even though India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) revived to 6.3% in second quarter of FY18 (Q2FY18), experts are still not convinced that the country's economy is moving on a sustainable path.
 
Many rating agencies have also trimmed down their GDP growth forecast, with the latest one being Fitch Ratings which believes that Indian economy will grow to 6.7% in FY18 from earlier 6.9% citing weaker than expected rebound.
 
The US based agency stated that the GDP growth has "repeatedly disappointed" in recent quarters, partly because of one-off factors including the demonetisation programme of November 2016 and disruptions related to the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in July 2017.
 
Fitch alone is not disappointed by the country's current growth rate, CRISIL too has projected India's GDP at 6.8% with downside bias from previous 7% for FY18.
 
GDP in Q2FY18 revived to 6.3% compared to 5.7% in June quarter, however it was lower from 7.5% in the corresponding period of the previous year.
 
Quarterly GVA at Basic Price is estimated at Rs 29.18 lakh crore as against Rs 27.51 lakh crore in Q2 of 2016-17, showing a growth rate of 6.1% from 5.6% in Q1FY18.
 
Dr. Soumya Kanti Ghosh, Group Chief Economic Adviser, SBI, said, "Lower GVA deflator was one of the primary reasons for higher GVA growth."
 
"Industry sector was the sole best performer among GVA indicators. This sector grew at 5.8% in Q2 versus 1.6% in Q1FY18 due to growth recorded by mining at 5.5% (from -0.7% in Q1), manufacturing at 7% (from 1.2% in Q1), electricity, gas, water supply and other utility services at 7.6% (from 7% in Q1) and construction at 2.6% (from 2% in Q1)," he informed.
 
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Indian economy, however, is still at its low level. The GDP which stood at 9.2% in FY16 dropped to 6.1% in FY17 and further to 5.7% in Q1FY18.
 
Anand Rathi agency said, "Yet, despite the acceleration, India is still growing well below the trend rate of the last decade.”
 
Major hurdles like low investment, private capex and government spending still remain in GDP data and until they do not perform well Indian economy's true growth picture will still be foggy.
 
Investment continues to remain subdued, declining to 28.9% of GDP compared with 29.8%. Along with low capacity utilisation and twin balance sheet problem, GST-related uncertainties have deferred recovery in the investment cycle.

Private final consumption expenditure gradually decelerated to 6.5% in Q2FY18 from 6.7% in Q1FY18 and 7.9% in Q2FY17. This indicator accounts 57.3% of GDP this quarter and has remained muted at this level in the last one year.
 
Interestingly, government's final consumption expenditure also fell to a single-digit at 4.1% this quarter from 17.2% in Q1FY18 – holding 13.5% of GDP. Slower growth in the government spending has been reflected in both GVA and GDP growth figures.
 
Government revenue expenditure has been the primary growth driver in FY17.
 

 
Dharmakirti Joshi, Adhish Verma and Krupa Parambalathu, economists at CRISIL, said, “Administrative issues related to tax refunds under GST and repeated changes being made to the structure/ tax rates continue to lead to uncertainty for businesses and may weigh on growth in the road ahead, particularly for small scale units. That would have negative implications for employment.”
 
“India's labour-intensive exports have been hurt the most. With commodity prices showing sustained rise, there would be additional pressure on the bottom-line in certain sectors which may add downside pressure to growth this FY18,” the trio at CRISIL added.
 
Ghosh too added, “We believe that the Q3 & Q4 GVA growth will remain in the range of 6-6.5%. Though the monsoon 2017 was only 5% below normal yet the uneven distribution of rains will impact adversely for the agriculture GVA in subsequent quarters.”
 
Ghosh further said, “The impact of GST on Trade, hotels, transport, communication & services is still cloudy and hence it is difficult to say that by how much this sector will grow in Q3 and Q4.”
 
Also, Kapil Gupta, Prateek Parekh and Akshay Gattani at Edelweiss Financial Services said, “Construction weakness is persisting longer than we anticipated and chances of scale back in government expenditure are rising amid weaker than anticipated revenues.”
 
As for private capex, Derrick Y Kam and Chetan Ahya, economists at Morgan Stanley Asia Limited, are confident that a recovery will be underway in 2018, for the first time in six years - which means this fiscal will not see much improvement in Indian economy.
 
The duo at Morgan said, "Aggregate demand is improving with a synchronous recovery in consumption and exports, which will lift capacity utilisation. Corporate balance sheet fundamentals are improving. State-owned banks will be recapitalised, which will improve the overall banking system's ability to meet investment credit demand."
 
Morgan expects real GDP growth to accelerate to 7.5% in FY2019 and further to 7.7% in FY2020, from 6.7%Y in FY2018.
 
While Fitch expects GDP growth to pick up in the next two years on the back of gradual implementation of the structural reform agenda and higher real disposable income.